:root {
  --research-green: #16271f;
  --research-green-soft: #28463a;
  --research-cream: #f4eee2;
  --research-paper: #fbf9f3;
  --research-gold: #d9a86c;
  --research-orange: #c96f3f;
  --research-ink: #1f2925;
  --research-muted: #65716a;
  --research-line: rgba(22, 39, 31, .16);
}

html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body.research-news-page { margin: 0; background: var(--research-paper); color: var(--research-ink); }
.research-news-page main { overflow: clip; }
.research-news-page a { text-underline-offset: 3px; }

.research-hero {
  min-height: 610px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.15fr) minmax(360px, .85fr);
  gap: clamp(32px, 6vw, 96px);
  align-items: center;
  padding: clamp(80px, 10vw, 142px) clamp(28px, 6.5vw, 112px) clamp(72px, 9vw, 128px);
  color: var(--research-cream);
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 76% 38%, rgba(119, 175, 123, .16), transparent 26%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 18% 6%, rgba(217, 168, 108, .11), transparent 29%),
    linear-gradient(135deg, #102019 0%, #1b3127 58%, #102019 100%);
  position: relative;
}
.research-hero::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  opacity: .13;
  background-image: radial-gradient(rgba(244, 238, 226, .75) .65px, transparent .65px);
  background-size: 8px 8px;
}
.research-hero__copy, .research-hero__visual { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.research-meta { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 34px; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: .1em; }
.research-meta span { padding: 7px 12px; border: 1px solid rgba(244, 238, 226, .35); border-radius: 999px; }
.research-meta time { color: rgba(244, 238, 226, .72); }
.research-eyebrow { margin: 0 0 20px; color: var(--research-gold); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .23em; }
.research-hero h1 { margin: 0; max-width: 820px; font-family: "Songti SC", "Noto Serif SC", serif; font-size: clamp(42px, 5vw, 78px); line-height: 1.16; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: -.035em; }
.research-hero h1 em { color: var(--research-gold); font-style: normal; }
.research-summary { max-width: 780px; margin: 35px 0 0; color: rgba(244, 238, 226, .78); font-size: clamp(17px, 1.4vw, 21px); line-height: 1.85; }

.research-hero__visual { max-width: 490px; justify-self: center; width: 100%; }
.research-thermal-cover { margin: 0; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid rgba(244, 238, 226, .2); background: rgba(10, 25, 19, .62); box-shadow: 0 30px 80px rgba(0, 0, 0, .26); }
.research-thermal-cover > a { display: block; padding: clamp(10px, 1.5vw, 18px); background: #fff; }
.research-thermal-cover img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; max-height: 525px; object-fit: contain; object-position: center; }
.research-thermal-cover figcaption { padding: 15px 18px 17px; color: rgba(244, 238, 226, .72); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.65; }
.research-thermal-cover figcaption a { color: var(--research-gold); font-weight: 700; }
.research-orbit { position: absolute; inset: 9%; border: 1px solid rgba(217, 168, 108, .35); border-radius: 50%; }
.research-orbit--two { inset: 26%; border-color: rgba(165, 211, 170, .28); }
.research-orbit::before, .research-orbit::after { content: ""; position: absolute; width: 9px; height: 9px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--research-gold); box-shadow: 0 0 22px rgba(217, 168, 108, .8); }
.research-orbit::before { left: 8%; top: 28%; }
.research-orbit::after { right: 9%; bottom: 25%; }
.research-point { position: absolute; display: grid; gap: 2px; min-width: 126px; padding: 15px 18px; border: 1px solid rgba(244, 238, 226, .2); border-radius: 4px; background: rgba(10, 25, 19, .72); backdrop-filter: blur(12px); }
.research-point b { color: var(--research-gold); font: 700 18px/1 Georgia, serif; }
.research-point span { color: rgba(244, 238, 226, .74); font-size: 13px; }
.research-point--one { left: 0; top: 12%; }
.research-point--two { right: 0; top: 45%; }
.research-point--three { left: 8%; bottom: 8%; }
.research-pulse { position: absolute; inset: 37% 18%; display: flex; gap: 9px; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.research-pulse i { display: block; width: 5px; border-radius: 99px; background: linear-gradient(180deg, #add6b0, var(--research-gold)); }
.research-pulse i:nth-child(1), .research-pulse i:nth-child(7) { height: 28px; opacity: .35; }
.research-pulse i:nth-child(2), .research-pulse i:nth-child(6) { height: 58px; opacity: .55; }
.research-pulse i:nth-child(3), .research-pulse i:nth-child(5) { height: 92px; opacity: .8; }
.research-pulse i:nth-child(4) { height: 132px; box-shadow: 0 0 28px rgba(173, 214, 176, .35); }

.research-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 920px) minmax(260px, 340px); gap: clamp(48px, 6vw, 98px); width: min(1440px, calc(100% - 56px)); margin: 0 auto; padding: clamp(80px, 8vw, 130px) 0; align-items: start; }
.research-article { min-width: 0; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.95; }
.research-article > p, .research-article section > p { margin: 0 0 24px; }
.research-lead { font-family: "Songti SC", "Noto Serif SC", serif; font-size: clamp(25px, 2.2vw, 34px); line-height: 1.55; }
.research-article section { scroll-margin-top: 110px; margin-top: 94px; }
.research-section-no { display: block; margin-bottom: 15px; color: var(--research-orange); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .2em; }
.research-article h2 { max-width: 780px; margin: 0 0 30px; color: var(--research-green); font-family: "Songti SC", "Noto Serif SC", serif; font-size: clamp(32px, 3vw, 46px); line-height: 1.35; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -.02em; }
.research-article h3 { margin: 58px 0 21px; color: var(--research-green-soft); font-size: clamp(23px, 2vw, 30px); line-height: 1.45; }
.research-article .cite { margin-left: 3px; color: var(--research-orange); font-size: .78em; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; }
.research-scope { display: flex; gap: 18px; margin: 38px 0 0; padding: 22px 26px; border-left: 3px solid var(--research-gold); background: #efe7d7; }
.research-scope strong { flex: none; color: var(--research-green); }
.research-scope span { color: #5d655f; }

.research-figure { margin: 42px 0 32px; border: 1px solid var(--research-line); background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 16px 45px rgba(23, 37, 31, .07); }
.research-figure__image { display: block; position: relative; padding: clamp(16px, 3vw, 30px); text-decoration: none; overflow: hidden; }
.research-figure__image img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; margin: 0 auto; }
.research-figure--tall .research-figure__image img { max-width: 680px; }
.research-figure__image span { position: absolute; right: 18px; bottom: 16px; padding: 8px 12px; border-radius: 3px; color: #fff; background: rgba(22, 39, 31, .88); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .03em; opacity: 0; transform: translateY(5px); transition: .2s ease; }
.research-figure__image:hover span, .research-figure__image:focus-visible span { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
.research-figure figcaption { padding: 21px clamp(20px, 3vw, 34px) 25px; border-top: 1px solid var(--research-line); color: #606b65; background: #f7f4ed; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.78; }
.research-figure figcaption strong { color: var(--research-ink); }
.research-figure figcaption a { color: var(--research-orange); font-weight: 700; }

.research-reading, .research-boundary { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 118px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 22px; margin: 28px 0; padding: 25px 28px; border-radius: 4px; }
.research-reading { background: #e8f0e9; }
.research-boundary { border: 1px solid #ead6bf; background: #fbf5ec; }
.research-reading strong, .research-boundary strong { color: var(--research-green); }
.research-reading p, .research-boundary p { margin: 0; color: #4e5953; }

.research-faq details { border-top: 1px solid var(--research-line); padding: 23px 0; }
.research-faq details:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--research-line); }
.research-faq summary { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; cursor: pointer; list-style: none; color: var(--research-green); font-size: 20px; font-weight: 700; }
.research-faq summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.research-faq summary::after { content: "+"; color: var(--research-orange); font-size: 26px; font-weight: 400; }
.research-faq details[open] summary::after { content: "−"; }
.research-faq details p { margin: 17px 0 0; padding-right: 46px; color: #56615b; }

.research-references ol { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; counter-reset: source; }
.research-cover-source { margin: 0 0 30px; padding: 26px 28px; border: 1px solid var(--research-line); background: #f1eadc; }
.research-cover-source h3 { margin: 0 0 14px; color: var(--research-orange); font-size: 18px; }
.research-cover-source > p { margin: 0 0 14px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.78; }
.research-references li { counter-increment: source; position: relative; margin: 0; padding: 30px 0 30px 56px; border-top: 1px solid var(--research-line); }
.research-references li::before { content: "0" counter(source); position: absolute; left: 0; top: 29px; color: var(--research-gold); font: 700 20px/1 Georgia, serif; }
.research-references li > p { margin: 0 0 14px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75; }
.research-references cite { font-style: italic; }
.research-source-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
.research-source-links a { display: inline-block; padding: 7px 10px; border: 1px solid var(--research-line); border-radius: 3px; color: var(--research-green-soft); background: #fff; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.3; text-decoration: none; }
.research-source-links a:hover { border-color: var(--research-orange); color: var(--research-orange); }
.research-source-note { margin-top: 14px !important; color: var(--research-muted); font-size: 13px !important; }
.research-method-note { padding: 21px 24px; border: 1px dashed rgba(22, 39, 31, .25); color: #5c6761; background: #f7f3ea; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.75; }

.research-next { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 1px; margin-top: 68px; background: var(--research-line); border: 1px solid var(--research-line); }
.research-next a { min-height: 110px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; padding: 24px; color: var(--research-green); background: #fff; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; transition: .2s ease; }
.research-next a:last-child { text-align: right; align-items: flex-end; }
.research-next a:hover { color: #fff; background: var(--research-green); }
.research-next span { display: block; margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--research-orange); font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: .16em; }

.research-aside__sticky { position: sticky; top: 118px; padding: 35px 31px; color: var(--research-cream); background: var(--research-green); box-shadow: 18px 20px 0 #e7dbc7; }
.research-aside__kicker { color: var(--research-gold); font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .18em; }
.research-aside h2 { margin: 22px 0 30px; font-family: "Songti SC", "Noto Serif SC", serif; font-size: 28px; line-height: 1.55; font-weight: 500; }
.research-aside ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.research-aside li { display: grid; gap: 3px; padding: 15px 0; border-top: 1px solid rgba(244, 238, 226, .17); }
.research-aside li b { color: var(--research-gold); }
.research-aside li span { color: rgba(244, 238, 226, .65); font-size: 13px; }
.research-aside__keywords { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 7px; margin: 25px 0; }
.research-aside__keywords span { padding: 6px 8px; border: 1px solid rgba(244, 238, 226, .18); border-radius: 2px; color: rgba(244, 238, 226, .75); font-size: 11px; }
.research-aside__link { color: var(--research-gold); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; }

@media (max-width: 1020px) {
  .research-hero { min-height: auto; grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .research-hero__visual { position: relative; right: auto; bottom: auto; width: min(100%, 440px); opacity: 1; justify-self: start; }
  .research-hero__copy { max-width: 820px; }
  .research-layout { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); width: min(920px, calc(100% - 48px)); }
  .research-aside { grid-row: 1; }
  .research-aside__sticky { position: static; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.3fr 1fr; gap: 22px 38px; box-shadow: 12px 12px 0 #e7dbc7; }
  .research-aside__kicker, .research-aside h2 { grid-column: 1; }
  .research-aside ul { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1 / span 3; }
}

@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .research-hero { min-height: 600px; padding: 86px 22px 74px; align-items: end; }
  .research-meta { margin-bottom: 27px; }
  .research-eyebrow { font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: .16em; }
  .research-hero h1 { font-size: clamp(37px, 11vw, 52px); line-height: 1.18; }
  .research-summary { margin-top: 28px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75; }
  .research-hero__visual { right: auto; bottom: auto; width: min(100%, 360px); opacity: 1; }
  .research-thermal-cover img { max-height: 380px; }
  .research-thermal-cover figcaption { font-size: 11px; }
  .research-point { display: none; }
  .research-layout { width: calc(100% - 36px); padding: 64px 0 86px; gap: 58px; }
  .research-article { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.88; }
  .research-article section { margin-top: 76px; }
  .research-scope { display: grid; gap: 7px; padding: 19px 20px; }
  .research-aside__sticky { display: block; padding: 28px 24px; }
  .research-aside h2 { margin-bottom: 24px; font-size: 25px; }
  .research-figure { margin-left: -18px; margin-right: -18px; }
  .research-figure__image { padding: 12px; overflow-x: auto; }
  .research-figure__image span { position: static; display: block; margin: 10px 2px 0; padding: 0; color: var(--research-orange); background: none; opacity: 1; transform: none; }
  .research-figure figcaption { padding: 18px; font-size: 13px; }
  .research-reading, .research-boundary { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 7px; padding: 20px; }
  .research-faq summary { font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.55; }
  .research-faq details p { padding-right: 0; }
  .research-references li { padding-left: 42px; }
  .research-source-links { display: grid; }
  .research-source-links a { padding: 10px; }
  .research-next { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .research-next a:last-child { text-align: left; align-items: flex-start; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  .research-figure__image span, .research-next a { transition: none; }
}